Paediatrics Search

Paediatrics

Paediatrics

Home News Diseases Conferences Special Reports Multimedia

tuberculosis%20-%20pulmonary%20(pediatric)

TUBERCULOSIS - PULMONARY (PEDIATRIC)

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a gram-positive bacteria with slow growth rate that is enhanced by 6-8% carbon dioxide and temperature of 35-40ºC.
It is primarily transmitted through airborne route.
The number of tubercle bacilli expelled in the air by a TB infected person is directly related to their infectiousness.
TB transmission is rare in children <10 years old due to their inability to expectorate sputum and low TB bacilli load in their sputum.
TB infection in children is usually obtained from an infectious adolescent or adult depending on the closeness and length of contact and the index case's severity of lung involvement and infectiousness.

Tuberculosis%20-%20pulmonary%20(pediatric) Patient Education

Patient Education

Educate the patient, parents and caregivers about pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the importance of adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen
Consider referring patient for Daily Oral Treatment (DOT)
- A treatment intervention where a patient’s actual intake of drugs is facilitated by a healthcare provider or a trained non-healthcare provider
- Recommended to be performed in the community or in the patient’s residence rather than in a health-care center, clinic, hospital or any health-care establishments
Video-observed treatment (VOT) is an alternative to DOT
Patients have the benefit of availing one or more treatment adherence interventions [eg tracers (visits, calls,messaging), digital medication monitor, psychological counselling, material support (monetary incentives, food) and staff training] and choosing an accredited and convenient way of administering therapy
In patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), decentralized type is preferred over a centralized type
Instruct patients and parents regarding symptoms suggesting adverse drug reactions and advise them to seek assistance when these occur

Asia's trusted medical magazine for healthcare professionals. Get your MIMS JPOG - Malaysia digital copy today!

Folate levels during pregnancy affect offspring neurodevelopment

18 Nov 2020

Serum folate levels during pregnancy correlate with the child’s neurodevelopment at 2 years of age, particularly in terms of language development, a recent study has shown. Folate supplementation may be a valuable nutritional intervention to consider.

Fetoscopic laser ablation improves survival in TTTS, requires highly skilled team

Stephen Padilla, 23 Nov 2020

Fetoscopic laser ablation (FLP) is an effective treatment for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies, but it requires a tertiary neonatal facility and a highly specialized team in performing intervention therapies for the treatment of potential complications, according to a Singapore study.