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Intensive LDL-C lowering better for patients hitting ≥100 mg/dL at baseline

Pearl Toh, 5 days ago

More intensive lowering of LDL-C levels was associated with a progressively greater survival benefit than less intensive approach, when the baseline LDL-C levels were ≥100 mg/dL, reveals a meta-analysis of 34 randomized trials.

SGLT2 inhibitors improve metabolic parameters without changing blood pressure in T2D

4 days ago

Switching from thiazide diuretic to ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, leads to improvements in metabolic parameters and body mass composition without affecting blood pressure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, a recent study has found.

Sleep duration, quality tied to better cardiometabolic profile among teens

2 days ago

Adolescents who sleep longer and have higher sleep efficiency have a favourable cardiometabolic profile, including lower abdominal adiposity, lower systolic blood pressure and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as shown in a study.

High serum vitamin D protects against renal dysfunction due to cadmium exposure

16 Apr 2018

Kidney failures and organ donors: Singapore

High serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) appear to reduce the risk of renal tubular dysfunction in individuals exposed to cadmium, a recent study has shown.

The study included 133 adults born in two cadmium-polluted areas and one control area. Cadmium levels in urine (UCd) and blood (BCd) were measured, along with urinary β2Microglobulin (UBMG), urinary creatinine (UCr), urinary retinol binding protein (URBP) and serum 25(OH)D.

There was a significant and inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and UBMG and URBP (p<0.05). Participants with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥40 ng/mL were less likely to have renal dysfunction when either UBMG (odds ratio [OR], 0.20; 95 percent CI, 0.1–0.8) or URBP (OR, 0.28; 0.1–1.1) was used as indicators. Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL was used as reference.

A similar trend was observed when analysis was restricted to participants with high UCd or BCd concentrations.

Using UBMG as a marker, researchers showed that those with UCd ≥3.0 µg/g Cr but serum 25(OH)D ≥40 ng/mL had significantly lower risks of renal dysfunction (OR, 0.23; 0.1–0.9). In participants with BCd ≥2.0 µg/L, high serum levels of 25(OH)D also correlated significantly with reduced UBMG (OR, 0.19; 0.1–0.8).

The trends for both high-UCd and high-BCd patients were similar when using URBP as an indicator of renal dysfunction, but the effects were not statistically significant.

“[T]he [protective] effects of vitamin D against cadmium-induced renal dysfunction may be due to its role on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction,” said researchers.