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RHEUMATIC FEVER - ACUTE
Treatment Guideline Chart
Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune response to a previous group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) infection causing acute generalized anti-inflammatory response primarily affecting the heart.
It often presents in patients 5-14 years of age and uncommon before 3 years and after 21 years of age.
Patients presenting with acute rheumatic fever are severely unwell, in extreme pain and requires hospitalization.

Rheumatic Fever - Acute References

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  6. Gerber MA. Group A streptococcus. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007.
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  8. Park MK. Acute rheumatic fever. In: Park MK. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Elsevier; 2008.
  9. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Cardiology/7/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Cardiology.xml
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  11. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever (Diagnosis, management and secondary prevention; no. 1). Australia: The National Heart Foundation of Australia. http://www.nhf.org.nz/files/Rheumatic%20fever%20guideline%
  12. Carapetis J, Brown A, Walsh W, et al, for The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Australia: an evidence-based review. The National Heart Foundation of Australia website. http://doctor-ru.org/main/1800/1805.pdf. Jun 2006.
  13. Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, et al; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 May;131(20):1806-1818. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205. PMID: 25908771
  14. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(10):e86-e102. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis629. PMID: 22965026
  15. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/HF2227A_Rheumatic_Fever_Guideline_v3.pdf. 2014.
  16. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: group A streptococcal sore throat management: 2014 update. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/sore_throat_guideline_14_10_06_FINAL-revised.pdf. 2014.
  17. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: proposed rheumatic fever primary prevention programme. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/Rheumatic%20Fever%20Guideline%203(6).pdf. May 2009.
  18. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Sore throat. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne website. http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Sore_Throat/. 2015.
  19. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute rheumatic fever. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. 12 Jul 2018.
  20. National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. Group A streptococcal sore throat management guideline. 2019 Update. National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/. 19 Jun 2019.
  21. RHD Australia (ARF/RHD writing group). The 2020 Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (3rd edition). RHD Australia. https://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/. 2020.
  22. Sika-Paotonu D, Beaton A, Raghu A, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, eds. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2017 Mar.
  23. Steer A, Gibofsky A. Acute rheumatic fever: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 10 Mar 2022. Accessed 24 Jun 2020.
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  26. Szczygielska I, Hernik E, Kolodziejczyk B, et al. Rheumatic Fever – new diagnostic criteria. Rheumatologia. 2018 Feb;56(1):37-41. doi: 10.5114/reum.2018.74748. PMID: 29686441
  27. Weinberg GA. Rheumatic fever. MSD Manual Professional Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/. Mar 2020.
  28. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al; ESC/EACTS Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Feb;43(7):561-632. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395. PMID: 34453165
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