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Pneumonia%20-%20community-acquired%20(pediatric) Signs and Symptoms
Introduction
- A previously healthy child presenting with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection, acquired outside of the hospital
Etiology
- The most common bacterial cause of childhood pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Usually causes about 1/3 of radiographically-confirmed pneumonia in children <2 years of age
- Pneumonia secondary to group A streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus is more frequently associated with empyema or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission
- Viruses commonly affect children <1 year of age than those aged >2 years; respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) being the most frequently detected virus
- Adenoviruses, bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses, coronaviruses and rhinovirus are less frequently identified
- Mixed infection may occur in 8-40% of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases
