Case Studies

Case 1: A 59-year-old gentleman with advanced HCC was referred to our centre for management. He had a history of diabetes, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. He was a nondrinker and not a carrier of hepatitis B or C.

Case 2: A 65-year-old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and oesophageal varices was found to have rising AFP levels on routine follow-up. He also had a 3-year history of diabetes and was on diet control, with an HbA_1c of 6.2 percent and fasting glucose of 6.8 mmol/L. He did not need any diabetic medications.

Case 1: A 73-year-old man with good past health presented to the emergency department with a few days’ history of involuntary low-amplitude unpredictable movements of his left arms and legs.
Case 2: An 84-year-old man with a few years’ history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted with 2 days’ history of involuntary flinging movements of his right arm and leg.

In this case report, we present the challenges encountered by physicians and cardiologists managing patients with advanced HF, and highlight the broadening spectrum of medical therapies and pathways that comprise contemporary practice.

Case 1: Madam A became pregnant at 38 years of age. She carried a class IV risk under the modified WHO classification of maternal cardiovascular risk, for which pregnancy was contraindicated. Termination of pregnancy was repeatedly suggested, but the couple opted to continue with the pregnancy. Case 2: Madam B had had hypertension since early adolescence. Apart from being obese with a Body Mass Index of 34 kg/m² and fatty liver disease, extensive investigations were unrevealing. Her family history was unremarkable. She was then lost to follow-up. At 24 years of age, madam B was referred back to our hospital for a high-risk pregnancy situation during her first trimester.