Obstetrics & Gynaecology Search
Obstetrics & Gynaecology Obstetrics & Gynaecology
pelvic%20inflammatory%20disease
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the ascent of bacteria from the vagina or cervix resulting in infection of the reproductive organs eg uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries. It may also be a complication of sexually transmitted infections.
The most common symptoms of PID are lower abdominal pain (crampy or dull) that usually starts a few days after the onset of the last menstrual period, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal or cervical discharge, postcoital or irregular vaginal bleeding, dysuria, fever, nausea and vomiting, although some have minimal symptoms or silent pelvic inflammatory disease.

Definition

  • Ascent of bacteria from the vagina or cervix resulting in infection of the reproductive organs eg uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries; may be a complication of some STIs

Signs and Symptoms

The following are the most common symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): 

  • Lower abdominal pain (crampy or dull)
    • Starts a few days after the onset of the last menstrual period
  • Dyspareunia
  • Abnormal vaginal or cervical discharge
  • Postcoital or irregular vaginal bleeding
  • Dysuria
  • Fever
  • Nausea & vomiting (N/V)
  • Some have minimal symptom or silent PID

Risk Factors

Risk Factors for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

  • Prior episode of PID
  • Previous gonorrheal or Chlamydia infection
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Multiple sex partners
  • Male sex partner w/ gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection
  • Current douching
  • Low socioeconomic status
  • Adolescent; younger age at 1st sexual intercourse
  • Previous instrumentation of the uterus
    • Insertion of Intrauterine Device (IUD) w/in preceding 3 wk
    • Hysterosalpingography
    • Termination of pregnancy
Digital Edition
Asia's trusted medical magazine for healthcare professionals. Get your MIMS JPOG - Malaysia digital copy today!
Sign In To Download
Editor's Recommendations
Most Read Articles
Gangliosides and cognition: An appraisal of the evidence
01 Sep 2018

Gangliosides and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play critical roles in early childhood brain development. 
Low-dose aspirin protects against ovarian cancer
Tristan Manalac, 09 Oct 2018
Regular use of low-dose aspirin appears to protect against ovarian cancer risk, according to a recent study, which also reports that such risks may be exacerbated in those with long-term, high-quantity use of other analgesics.