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PARKINSON'S DISEASE & PARKINSON'S DISEASE DEMENTIA

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is common, age-related and chronic.

It is caused by loss or degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain.

Onset of symptoms and progression of the disease is gradual.

Motor signs and symptoms include resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability.

Parkinson's disease dementia indicates loss of intellectual functions including memory, significant deterioration in the ability to carry out day-to-day activities and changes in social behavior are often noted.

Treatment

Surgical Intervention

Neurosurgery

Considered in patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy

Pallidotomy

Unilateral pallidotomy has been shown to be effective in treating symptoms of dyskinesia when administered with oral Levodopa
It is unfavorable because of its irreversible nature

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Deep brain stimulation using implanted pulse generators in precise brain locations may be performed with specific indication
Both subthalamic nuclei (STN) and globus pallidus pars interna deep brain stimulation have shown efficacy in management of Parkinson's disease general/systemic motor symptoms (eg motor fluctuations, dyskinesia) when administered with oral Levodopa
Thalamic stimulation may be considered as an option in people with Parkinson's disease who predominantly have severe disabling tremor and where subthalamic nuclei stimulation cannot be performed
Good candidates for deep brain stimulation include patients whose motor symptoms are not well-controlled by medications or who cannot tolerate side effects of medications, and those who do not have significant active psychiatric or cognitive problems
Infection is the most commonly reported side effect of deep brain stimulation

Product Highlight - Pontevia

16 Mar 2022

Galcanezumab Injection

Shifting paradigms in MS management: Early, optimized interventions improve patient outcomes

04 May 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders – affecting over 2.3 million people globally – and it is the leading cause of nontraumatic disability in young adults. However,the availability of supportive resources and services for people with MS is scarce in many regions of the world. In Malaysia, the prevalence of MS is estimated at 2-3/100,000; the current Malaysian clinical practice guidelines on the management of MS recommend disease modifying agents, such as interferon-β and teriflunomide, as first-line therapeutic agents. In this article, Dr Singer - in partnership with Sanofi and the Malaysian Society of Neurosciences - shares his insights into managing MS dynamically, highlighting the importance of early intervention in improving patient outcomes.