Overactive%20bladder Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

Overactive bladder (OAB) is also known as bladder spasms

Definition

Defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as consisting of the following symptoms: urinary urgency, with or without urgency urinary incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia, in the absence of causative infection or pathologic conditions, and suggestive of underlying detrusor overactivity (phasic increases in detrusor pressure)

Signs and Symptoms

Urinary urgency
- Complaint of sudden, compelling desire to pass urine which is difficult to defer
- Considered as the hallmark of overactive bladder (OAB)
- Number of voids and number of incontinence episodes are used to measure treatment responses

Urinary frequency
- Measured using a voiding diary
- Number of voiding would vary based on hours of sleep, fluid intake, comorbid medical conditions and other relevant factors

Nocturia
- Complaint of interruption of sleep due to the need to void

Urgency urinary incontinence
- Involuntary leakage of urine, associated with sudden compelling desire to void
- Measured using a diary and by the quantity of urine leakage using pad tests

Risk Factors

≥40 years old
Obesity
Previous pelvic and prostate surgery
Neurological conditions such as diabetic neuropathy, stroke, spinal cord injury, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis

Optimizing metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treatment in advanced prostate cancer

Assoc Prof. Darren Poon, Assoc Prof. Edmund Chiong, 14 Jan 2021

Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) refers to the condition whereby patients have metastatic prostate cancer and no prior hormonal therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Typically, patients with mHSPC have been treated with ADT alone, following which, the overwhelming majority develop castration resistance over time and head towards eventual mortality. In recent years, the publication of various landmark trials has prompted dramatic changes in the mHSPC treatment landscape, and had favourably impacted overall survival (OS) in these patients. At a recent webinar, A/Prof Darren Poon, Honorary Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, reviewed treatment options in mHSPC, while A/Prof Edmund Chiong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, presented a case which was discussed by an esteemed panel of experts. This webinar was jointly organized by the Singapore Society of Oncology and the Singapore Urological Association, and supported by Astellas.