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osteoporosis
OSTEOPOROSIS
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Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.
The more risk factors (eg history of fracture, advanced age, comorbidities, etc) that are present, the greater the risk of fracture.

Osteoporosis References

  1. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2001 update. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jul;44(7):1496-1503. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 11465699
  2. Bonura F. Prevention, screening and management of osteoporosis: an overview of the current strategies. Postgrad Med. 2009 Jul;121(4):005-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 19641263
  3. Brown JP, Fortier M, et al; Osteoporosis Guidelines Committee. Canadian Consensus Conference on osteoporosis, 2006 update. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2006 Feb;28(2)(Suppl 1):S95-S112. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. PMID: 16626523
  4. Campion JM, Maricic MJ. Osteoporosis in men. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Apr;67(7):1521-1526. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 12722852
  5. CJ Haines, S Fan, GWK Tang, et al. Guidelines for the administration of hormone replacement therapy. The Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Hong Kong Med J. 1999 Jun;5(2):195-199. http://www.hkmj.org/. PMID: 11821592
  6. Compston J. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of osteoporosis. Eur J Radiol. 2009 Sep 05 Aug 2009;71(3):388-391. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 19660883
  7. Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, et al; National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men from the age of 50 years in the UK. Maturitas. 2009 Feb;62(2):105-108. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.022. PMID: 19135323
  8. Dell RM, Greene D, Anderson D, et al. Osteoporosis disease management: what every orthopaedic surgeon should know. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Nov;91(Suppl 6):79-86. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00521. PMID: 19884415
  9. Delmas PD. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lancet. 2002 Jun;359(9322):2018-2026. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 12076571
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  11. Delmas PD, Eastell R, Garnero P, et al; Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(Suppl 6):S2-S17. PMID: 11193237
  12. Hodgson SF, Watts NB, Bilezikian JP, et al; AACE Osteoporosis Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2001 edition, with selected updates for 2003. Endocr Pract. 2003 Nov;9(6):544-564. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 14715483
  13. Kanis JA, Burlet N, Cooper C, et al; European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Apr;19(4):399-428. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. PMID: 18266020
  14. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. Approaches to the targeting of treatment for osteoporosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009 Aug;5(8):425-431. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 19648943
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  46. Ministry of Health Singapore. Clinical practice guidelines: osteoporosis. MOH (Singapore). http://www.moh.gov.sg. 2008. Accessed 26 May 2010.
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  58. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk. Aug 2012. Accessed 11 Jun 2013.
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