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Top Medical News
Ultrasound may provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis of acute erosive arthritis, with a recent study showing that subcutaneous tissue changes and periosteal vascularity are more common in acute osteomyelitis (OM), whereas periosteal tophaceous material distinguishes gouty arthritis from acute OM and rheumatoid arthritis.
Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) delivered through a device attached to the ear can help rebalance the autonomic nervous system of individuals aged ≥55 years, and thus promote healthy ageing, a new study suggests.
Age and sex do not appear to influence outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease, reports a recent study.
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may be at risk of developing gastric cancer even after receiving Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy, demonstrated a study from Hong Kong.
Aberrations of tumour protein p53 in radical prostatectomy tissue are associated with clinically relevant endpoints of metastatic relapse and prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM), suggests a recent study.
Roxadustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is noninferior to parenteral epoetin alfa and performs better than placebo for correcting anaemia in kidney disease patients who are or not undergoing dialysis, according to the results of two phase III trials from China.
Pregnancy attenuates the risk of endometrial cancer regardless of whether it ends shortly after conception or at 40 weeks of gestation, a study has shown. A biological process occurring within the first weeks of pregnancy drives this risk reduction, as shown by pregnancies terminated through induced abortions having similar risk reductions as those ending in childbirth.
Special Reports
Major trials have demonstrated the benefits of beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension.1 At a recent symposium held during the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology 2019 Congress in Manila, Philippines, experts discussed the latest guidelines on hypertension treatment, with a focus on the role of the 3rd generation beta-blocker, nebivolol. The symposium was chaired by Dr Dante D. Morales, Clinical Associate Professor at the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, and featured renowned cardiologists Prof Rafael R. Castillo and Dr Hyo Seung Ahn.
The cost of hospitalization for complications associatedwith influenza can be reduced significantly through theprevention of influenza infection.5 Cost savings mayincrease exponentially if one considers the control ofinfluenza outbreaks, especially in the aged care homesetting.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary tumour arising from the kidney, constituting approximately 80–85% of primary renal neoplasms. According to the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2007–2011, RCC accounts for 62.8% of all kidney cancers nationwide. RCC typically occurs approximately 50% more commonly in men compared with women, and predominantly occurs in the sixth to eighth decade of life.
In an environment where children can interact openly, highly infectious diseases, such asinfluenza, have the potential to spread among childrenand those they come in contact with. Once infected,parents or siblings may have to take time off work or school to recover and to avoid spreading the disease to other healthy individuals.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) is a fat-soluble, potent physiological antioxidant that is required for the production of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). CoQ10 can be obtained through tissue synthesis and diet, and it has been widely studied in patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. The effects of oral CoQ10 supplementation in different patient subgroups are presented here.
All Helicobacters are urease-positive, able to convert aminoacids and urea into ammonia to neutralize stomach acid, andhighly mobile – characteristics that help them invade the mucosallayer to evade the body’s immune response. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is linked to peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, andearly gastric cancer. The infection rate of H. pylori is over 80% indeveloping countries and 20–50% in industrialized nations, withover 4.4 billion people testing positive for the bacteria in 2015.1,2
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise owing to the increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. As such, when considering treatment for patients who are overweight or obese, clinicians should be aware of potential weight gain that is associated with antidiabetic medication.
Conference Reports
Children born to women receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV since conception have an uptick of neural-tube defects compared with those whose mothers took non-dolutegravir ART at conception, additional follow-up data from the Tsepamo surveillance study show.
Atogepant, a novel oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, has shown potential in prevention of migraine at a range of doses, according to a presentation at the recent American Headache Society conference (AHS 2019).
Treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA significantly improves headache-related outcomes in patients with chronic migraine (CM) regardless of their response status, according to a study presented at AHS 2019.
The combination of emtricitabine and dolutegravir with either a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based regimen fared similarly to a TDF-emtricitabine-efavirenz regimen in reducing HIV-1 RNA levels, according to results of the phase III ADVANCE* study presented at IAS 2019.
The investigational first-in-class attachment inhibitor prodrug fostemsavir (FTR) continues to improve virologic and immunologic response from weeks 48 to 96 in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 who had been heavily treated, according to the BRIGHTE* study presented at IAS 2019.
Patients receiving topiramate to prevent chronic migraines could potentially switch to onabotulinumtoxinA injections to reduce the frequency of their headaches, according to results of the FORWARD* study presented at the recent American Headache Society conference (AHS 2019).
Fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide, significantly reduces the number of migraine days in patients with chronic migraine (CM) or episodic migraine (EM), according to the FOCUS* study presented at AHS 2019.
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