Dermatology Search
Dermatology Dermatology
melanoma
MELANOMA
Melanoma is a skin neoplasm that originates from malignant transformation of melanocytes.
It commonly occurs in the extremities of women and on trunk or head and neck in men.
Metastases are via lymphatic and hematogenous routes.
  1. Bichakjian CK, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Nov;65(5):1032-1047. http://pic2.cmt.com.cn/WebImages/Res/20130528/20130528_777961e9-aab4-432d-9349-860041357fe1.pdf. Accessed 19 Dec 2013. PMID: 21868127
  2. Coit DG, Andtbacka R, Anker CJ et al. Melanoma, version 2.2013: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11:395-407. http://www.jnccn.org/content/11/4/395.full.pdf. Accessed 08 Jan 2014. PMID: 23584343
  3. Dummer R, Guggenheim M, Arnold AW, et al. Updated Swiss guidelines for the treatment and follow-up of cutaneous melanoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2011 Dec;141:w13320. doi: 10.4414/smw.2011.13320. Accessed 19 Dec 2013. PMID: 22180245
  4. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Guggenheim M, et al. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(Suppl 7):vii86-vii91. http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/suppl_7/vii86.full.pdf+html. Accessed 19 Dec 2013. PMID: 22997461
  5. European Society for Medical Oncology. FDA approves pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma. ESMO. http://www.esmo.org/Oncology-News/FDA-Approves-Pembrolizumab-for-Advanced-Melanoma. 05 Sep 2014. Accessed 09 Sep 2014.
  6. Fuerst M. Metastatic melanoma: immunotherapy with pembrolizumab induces durable responses. Oncology Times. 2014 Jul;36(13):35-36. doi: 10.1097/01.COT.0000452086.09862.55. Accessed 09 Sep 2014.
  7. Melanoma. Medicines Complete. http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/1800-a4-737-j.htm#m1800-a4-814-h . 20 Aug 2010. Accessed 06 Jan 2014.
  8. National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Melanoma Treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/melanoma/HealthProfessional/page9/AllPages/Print. 11 Jul 2014. Accessed 01 Sep 2014.
  9. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma. Version 4.2014. NCCN. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. Accessed 28 Aug 2014.
  10. Shenenberger DW. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: a primary care perspective. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jan;85(2):161-168. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0115/p161.html. Accessed 19 Dec 2013. PMID: 22335216
  11. Sosman JA. Melanoma treatment; advanced or metastatic melanoma (beyond the basics). UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/melanoma-treatment-advanced-or-metastatic-melanoma-beyond-the-basics. 30 May 2013. Accessed 19 Dec 2013.
  12. Tan WW. Malignant melanoma treatment protocols. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006810-overview. 14 Jan 2014. Accessed 01 Sep 2014.
  13. Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Kefford RF. Melanoma, a management guide for GPs. Australian Family Physician. 2012 Jul;41(7):470-473. http://www.racgp.org.au/download/documents/AFP/2012/July/201207thompson.pdf. Accessed 20 Dec 2013.
  14. Wells GL. Melanoma. The Merck Manual. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/cancers_of_the_skin/melanoma.html. May 2013. Accessed 20 Dec 2013.
  15. Wong SL, Balch CM, Hurley P, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology joint clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012 Aug;30(23):2912-2917. http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/30/23/2912.full.pdf+html. Accessed 20 Dec 2013. PMID: 22778321
  16. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Lindenblatt N, Pentheroudakis G, Keilholz U; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015 Sep;26(Suppl 5):v126-v132. https://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/suppl_5/v126.full.pdf. PMID: 26314774
  17. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma. Version 2.2016. NCCN website. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. 2016.
  18. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Melanoma: assessment and management. NICE website. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng14/resources/melanoma-assessment-and-management-1837271430853. 2015.
Editor's Recommendations
Most Read Articles
Beta-blockers may reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, renal dysfunction
Roshini Claire Anthony, 11 Sep 2019

Beta-blockers could reduce mortality risk in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and moderate or moderately-severe renal dysfunction without causing harm, according to the BB-META-HF* trial presented at ESC 2019.
New from USPSTF: Breast cancer risk-reduction recommendations
Elvira Manzano, Yesterday

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), in an update of its 2013 recommendations, called on clinicians to offer risk-reducing medications to women who are at increased risk for breast cancer but at low risk for adverse effects.
UTI risk not raised with SGLT-2is in real-world study
Pearl Toh, Yesterday
The use of SGLT-2* inhibitors was not associated with a higher risk of severe or nonsevere urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with DPP**-4 inhibitors or GLP-1*** receptor agonists, a population-based cohort study shows.
Overweight, obesity appear to lower risk of acne development in youths
Stephen Padilla, 12 Sep 2019
Overweight and obesity show an inverse relationship with acne in a dose-dependent manner in young adults, according to a recent study. This suggests that the metabolically active adipose tissue plays a protective role in acne.