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INSOMNIA

Insomnia can be either having difficulty in initiating sleep, maintaining sleep or experiencing early morning awakening wherein returning to sleep is not easily attained.

These disturbances can cause significant distress and impairment in daytime functioning.

It is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population thus accurate diagnosis and effective treatment is necessary.

Insomnia Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

The subjective perception of difficulty in sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality of sleep, occurring despite adequate opportunities for sleep, & resulting in daytime dysfunction
Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population, therefore, it is an important public health problem that needs accurate diagnosis & effective treatment
Approximately 6-10% of adults have insomnia & it is more common in females & older adults
- 30-50% of the population is affected by occasional, short-term insomnia
- The prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder is estimated to be at least 5-10% in industrialized nations

Risk Factors

Increasing age
Female gender
Medical & psychiatric disease (eg depression, mood disorders)
Socioeconomic factors (eg marital separation, unemployment, lower quality of life)

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Spotlight on multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections: New developments for an old problem

Dr. Hsu Li Yang, Dr. Tan Thuan Tong, Dr. Andrea Kwa, 08 Jan 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has become increasingly dire as the rapid emergence of drug resistance, especially gram-negative pathogens, has outpaced the development of new antibiotics. At a recent virtual symposium, Dr Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean (Global Health) and Programme Leader (Infectious Diseases), NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, presented epidemiological data on multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Asia, while Dr Tan Thuan Tong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital (SGH), focused on the role of ceftazidime-avibactam in MDR GNB infections. Dr Andrea Kwa, Assistant Director of Research, Department of Pharmacy, SGH, joined the panel in an interactive fireside chat, to discuss challenges, practical considerations, and solutions in MDR gram-negative infections. This Pfizer-sponsored symposium was chaired by Dr Ng Shin Yi, Head and Senior Consultant of Surgical Intensive Care, SGH.