hypocalcemia
HYPOCALCEMIA
Treatment Guideline Chart
Hypocalcemia is the occurs when serum calcium concentration is below the lower limit of normal range.
Acute hypocalcemia has neuromuscular tetany as hallmark symptom. Patients have rapid decrease in serum calcium and present with symptomatic hypocalcemia.
It is an emergency condition and requires immediate attention. Ca (IV) should be administered until signs and symptoms abate or until serum Ca levels rise.
Chronic hypocalcemia has asymptomatic mild hypocalcemia. Treatment is necessary to avoid long term complications. Oral Ca may be administered.

Hypocalcemia References

  1. Bushinsky DA, Monk RD. Electrolyte quintet: calcium. Lancet. 1998 Jul;352(9124):306-311. PMID: 9690425
  2. Agus ZS. Hypomagnesemia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Jul;10(7):1616-1622. PMID: 10405219
  3. Schlechte JA. Prolactinoma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov;349(21):2035-2041. PMID: 14627789
  4. Dacey MJ. Hypomagnesemic disorders. Crit Care Clin. 2001 Jan;17(1):155-173. PMID: 11219227
  5. Diseases of the parathyroid gland and other hyper- and hypocalcemic disorders. Harrison's Online: McGraw-Hill Companies; 2003.
  6. Mundy GR, Stewart AF. Calcium and common bone disorders. Comprehensive clinical endocrinology. 3rd ed. London: Mosby; 2002
  7. Bringhurst FR, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. William's Textbook of Endocrinology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier; 2003:1340-1348
  8. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Endocrinology/15/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Endocrinology.xml
  9. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics.xml
  10. Skugor M, Milas M. Hypocalcemia. Cleveland Clinic. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/. Jun 2004.
  11. Suneja M. Hypocalcemia. eMedicine. http://emedicine.medscape.com/.
  12. Fitzpatrick LA. Hypocalcemia: diagnosis and treatment. Endotext.com. http://www.endotext.org/.
  13. Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia. BMJ. 2008 Jun;336(7656):1298-1302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE. PMID: 18535072
  14. Fong J, Khan A. Hypocalcemia: updates in diagnosis and management for primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2012 Feb;58(2):158-162. http://www.cfp.ca/. Accessed 7 May 2014. PMID: 22439169
  15. Society for Endocrinology. Acute hypocalcemia for use in adult patients. Society for Endocrinology. http://www.endocrinology.org/. 2013 Feb. Accessed 7 May 2014.
  16. Goltzman D. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Mar 2019.
  17. Goltzman D. Etiology of hypocalcemia in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Oct 2019.
Editor's Recommendations
Special Reports