Hodgkin's%20lymphoma Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

Also known as Hodgkin’s disease, Hodgkin lymphoma, or Hodgkin disease
Commonly affects ages between 15 and 30 years old, and individuals 55 years old and above

Definition

Uncommon carcinoma that involves lymph nodes and the lymphatic system

Etiology

Viruses (eg Epstein-Barr virus)
Positive family history of hematopoietic malignancy and autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases
Positive family history of Hodgkin's lymphoma

Prognostic Factors

Presence of the following reduces the survival rate by 7-8%/year:
- Age ≥45 years old
- Gender: Males are at increased risk
- Patients diagnosed with stage IV disease
- Albumin level: <4 g/dL
- Hemoglobin (Hgb) level: <10.5 g/dL
- Leukocytosis [white blood cell (WBC) ≥15,000/mm³]
- Lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte count <8% of WBC and/or <600/mm³)

Signs and Symptoms

Assess patient’s performance status based on the clinical presentation
Painless peripheral adenopathies (commonly within the cervical or supraclavicular areas)
Chest pain or pain within the mediastinum
Pain at a nodal site after drinking alcohol
Chronic pruritus
Systemic B symptoms
- Unexplained fever (>38^oC/100.4^oF)
- Drenching night sweats
- Weight loss (>10% of baseline) within 6 months of diagnosis

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