Helicobacter%20pylori%20infection Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Definition

Dyspepsia

Presence of ≥1 of the following: Bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain and/or epigastric burning
No evidence of structural disease (including at upper endoscopy) that is likely to explain the symptoms (functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia)
Symptoms were present within the last 3 months with onset ≥6 months prior to diagnosis (Rome IV criteria)
Though the relationship between functional dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is unclear, improvement of functional dyspepsia symptoms was seen with elimination of H pylori infection

Etiology

Helicobacter pylori

A spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium involved in the development of gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer
- H pylori gastritis may decrease or increase acid secretion and cause dyspeptic symptoms
- Up to 90-95% of patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related duodenal ulcers and 80% of patients with non-NSAID-related gastric ulcers are infected
- Infection is strongly associated with the development of gastric epithelial and lymphoid malignancies
Acute infection is mostly asymptomatic and is acquired through human-to-human contact via gastro-oral and fecal-oral routes
Adaptability in gastric conditions and production of urease allow it to colonize the stomach

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