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GRAVES' DISEASE

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that results into overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Thyrotoxicosis signs and symptoms include hyperactivity, irritability, insomnia, dysphoria, sweating, heat intolerance, palpitations, weakness, fatigue, weight loss despite increased appetite, diarrhea, steatorrhea polyuria, decreased libido, tachycardia, tremor, goiter, alopecia, gynecomastia, eyelid lag or retraction and rarely periodic paralysis.
Clinical features in thyrotoxic patient that suggests Graves's disease are ophthalmopathy, thyroid dermopathy, thyroid acropachy, diffuse goiter, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin and thyroid radionuclide scan demonstrating a diffuse goiter.

Graves'%20disease Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Definition

Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state wherein there is an inappropriately high tissue thyroid hormone levels that results to increased thyroid hormone action in tissues

Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis wherein the thyroid has an inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

Graves’ disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder in which thyrotropin receptor antibodies stimulate the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, increasing thyroid hormone production
- Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Signs and Symptoms

Thyrotoxicosis

Hyperactivity, irritability, insomnia, dysphoria
Sweating, heat intolerance
Palpitations
Weakness, fatigue
Weight loss with increased appetite
- Weight gain may occur

Diarrhea, steatorrhea, polyuria
Decreased libido, oligomenorrhea
Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation in the elderly
Tremor
Goiter
Alopecia, gynecomastia
Eyelid lag or retraction
Rarely periodic paralysis (more often in Asian men)

Spotlight on multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections: New developments for an old problem

Dr. Hsu Li Yang, Dr. Tan Thuan Tong, Dr. Andrea Kwa, 08 Jan 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has become increasingly dire as the rapid emergence of drug resistance, especially gram-negative pathogens, has outpaced the development of new antibiotics. At a recent virtual symposium, Dr Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean (Global Health) and Programme Leader (Infectious Diseases), NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, presented epidemiological data on multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Asia, while Dr Tan Thuan Tong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital (SGH), focused on the role of ceftazidime-avibactam in MDR GNB infections. Dr Andrea Kwa, Assistant Director of Research, Department of Pharmacy, SGH, joined the panel in an interactive fireside chat, to discuss challenges, practical considerations, and solutions in MDR gram-negative infections. This Pfizer-sponsored symposium was chaired by Dr Ng Shin Yi, Head and Senior Consultant of Surgical Intensive Care, SGH.