Endocrinology Search
Endocrinology Endocrinology
graves'%20disease
GRAVES' DISEASE
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that results into overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Thyrotoxicosis signs and symptoms include hyperactivity, irritability, insomnia, dysphoria, sweating, heat intolerance, palpitations, weakness, fatigue, weight loss despite increased appetite, diarrhea, steatorrhea polyuria, decreased libido, tachycardia, tremor, goiter, alopecia, gynecomastia, eyelid lag or retraction and rarely periodic paralysis.
Clinical features in thyrotoxic patient that suggests Graves's disease are ophthalmopathy, thyroid dermopathy, thyroid acropachy, diffuse goiter, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin and thyroid radionuclide scan demonstrating a diffuse goiter.

Graves'%20disease Signs and Symptoms

Definition

  • Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state wherein there is an inappropriately high tissue thyroid hormone levels that results to increased thyroid hormone action in tissues
  • Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis wherein the thyroid has an inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
  • Graves’ disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder in which thyrotropin receptor antibodies stimulate the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, increasing thyroid hormone production
    • Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Signs and Symptoms

Thyrotoxicosis
  • Hyperactivity, irritability, insomnia, dysphoria
  • Sweating, heat intolerance
  • Palpitations
  • Weakness, fatigue
  • Weight loss with increased appetite
    • Weight gain may occur
  • Diarrhea, steatorrhea, polyuria
  • Decreased libido, oligomenorrhea
  • Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation in the elderly
  • Tremor
  • Goiter
  • Alopecia, gynecomastia
  • Eyelid lag or retraction
  • Rarely periodic paralysis (more often in Asian men)
Digital Edition
Asia's trusted medical magazine for healthcare professionals. Get your MIMS Endocrinology - Malaysia digital copy today!
Sign In To Download
Editor's Recommendations
Most Read Articles
Product Highlight - ADACEL
2 days ago
Tetanus toxoid 5 Lf, diphtheria toxoid 2 Lf, pertussis toxoid 2.5 mcg, filamentous haemagglutinin 5 mcg, fimbriae types 2 and 3 5 mcg, pertactin 3 mcg
Carfilzomib-based triplet regimen a potential upfront treatment for high-risk MM
Pearl Toh, 22 Oct 2020
The combination therapy comprising carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (KCd) is effective, with a tolerable safety profile, in an Asian cohort with high-risk multiple myeloma (MM) — thus providing a more economical alternative as a potential upfront regimen in resource-limited settings, according to leading experts during a myeloma education webinar.
Alzheimer’s disease prevention: Can antidepressants lend a hand?
Jairia Dela Cruz, Yesterday
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram holds promise in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, reducing amyloid-β-42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue in older adults with normal cognitive function, according to recent evidence.
Empagliflozin not just another SGLT2i: Cardio-renal benefits extend to HF with or without diabetes
Roshini Claire Anthony, 13 Nov 2020

Diabetes is a key risk factor for heart failure (HF), which is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients with or without diabetes. SGLT-2* inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.