Erectile%20dysfunction Signs and Symptoms
Definition
- Inability to attain and maintain an erection enough to have satisfactory sexual performance for at least 3 months
Etiology
- Increasing evidence have shown that erectile dysfunction can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease
Signs and Symptoms
- Complete loss of penile rigidity is uncommon
- A patient may complain of partial erection that could not attain vaginal penetration
- Initial penile erections can penetrate but early detumescence occurs without ejaculation
- Nocturnal penile tumescence
- Inability to maintain erection during private masturbation and/or erections related to erotic materials or other partners
Risk Factors
- Erectile dysfunction has common risk factors as with cardiovascular diseases
- Studies have shown that erectile dysfunction has been associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and sexual dysfunction, regardless of age and other comorbidities and various lifestyle factors
Arteriogenic
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hyperlipidemia and the metabolic syndrome
- Heavy smoking
- Peripheral vascular disorders
- Recreational drug abuse
- Trauma
- Spinal cord injury
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypogonadism/testosterone deficiency
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hyper- and hypothyroidism
- Obesity
- Depression
- Anxiety disorders
- Relationship issues
- Stress
- Performance anxiety
- Loss of attraction
- Antiandrogens (eg Finasteride)
- Antihypertensives (beta-blockers, Spironolactone, Methyldopa, thiazide diuretics)
- Narcotics
- Cimetidine
- Antidepressants
- Tranquillizers
- Others (eg Clonidine, Guanethidine and Ketoconazole)
- Peyronie’s disease
- Severe phimosis
- Alcohol abuse
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Pelvic and prostatic radiation therapy
- Pelvic and prostate surgery [eg transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), radical prostatectomy]
- Sedentary lifestyle