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ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Ectopic pregnancy happens when the fertilized ovum implants outside the endometrial lining of the uterus.
Accurate early diagnosis is life-saving, reduces invasive diagnostic procedures & allows conservative treatment that can preserve fertility.
Ectopic pregnancy must be excluded in women of reproductive age w/ a positive pregnancy test, abdominal pain & vaginal bleeding.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy remains to be the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester.

Ectopic%20pregnancy Patient Education

Patient Education

Advise the patient on the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment option
Women may grieve at the loss of pregnancy and may need appropriate support
Explain that fertility rates after either medical or surgical management are similar in patients with no history of subfertility or tubal pathology
- In patients with a history of subfertility, improved reproductive outcomes are observed with medical or expectant management than with surgery
Women undergoing medical management should avoid alcoholic beverages, NSAIDs, vitamins containing folic acid, sexual intercourse, sun exposure due to risk of Methotrexate dermatitis, and ultrasound and pelvic examinations during Methotrexate therapy surveillance
Patient with confirmed ectopic pregnancy should avoid using intrauterine device as contraception since this can increase the chance of ectopic pregnancy
Describe the side effects of medical therapy and symptoms to monitor (eg severe abdominal pain, lightheadedness)
Patients should be advised regarding their risk of future ectopic pregnancy
- In patients with no history of subfertility or tubal pathology, no difference in the risk of future tubal ectopic pregnancy or tubal patency rates is seen between the different management approaches

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Acute diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children aged younger than 5 years, accounting for approximately 1.9 million deaths worldwide each year; however, diarrhoea is a preventable and treatable condition. In Malaysia, acute gastroenteritis accounts for about 1.3% of all deaths in children aged younger than 5 years annually. Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools within 24 hours, and it may be clinically categorised as either acute watery diarrhoea (AWD), acute bloody diarrhoea, persistent diarrhoea or diarrhoea with severe malnutrition.

01 Sep 2020

Acute diarrhoea is the second leading cause of deathin children aged younger than 5 years, accounting forapproximately 1.9 million deaths worldwide each year;however, diarrhoea is a preventable and treatable condition.In Malaysia, acute gastroenteritis accounts for about 1.3%of all deaths in children aged younger than 5 years annually.Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of three or more looseor watery stools within 24 hours, and it may be clinicallycategorised as either acute watery diarrhoea (AWD), acutebloody diarrhoea, persistent diarrhoea or diarrhoea withsevere malnutrition.