Paediatrics Search
Paediatrics Paediatrics
diabetes%20mellitus%20(pediatric)
DIABETES MELLITUS (PEDIATRIC)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
It can occur at any age and the earlier the onset, the more serious is the long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia with diabetes mellitus patients having <10 year in life span compared to non-DM patients.
Type 1 DM patients have complete insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction. It may be immune-mediated or idiopathic. More commonly occurs in children 7-15 year of age, but may occur at any age.
Type 2 DM patients have insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Neonatal DM is hyperglycemia that occurs in the first 6 months of life.

Introduction

  • Can occur at any age & the earlier the onset, the more serious the long-term damage, dysfunction, & failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia w/ diabetes mellitus (DM) patients having <10 years in life span compared to non-DM patients 

Definition

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Signs and Symptoms

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

  • Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketonemia & ketonuria w/ the following for several week:
    • Polyuria
    • Polydipsia
    • Polyphagia
    • Weight loss
  • May also present as severe dehydration, shock & diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

  • Overweight or obese
  • Glycosuria w/o ketonuria
    • Some may present w/ ketonuria
  • Absent or mild polyuria
  • May present w/ ketoacidosis associated w/ stress, infection or other illness
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Digital Edition
Asia's trusted medical magazine for healthcare professionals. Get your MIMS JPOG - Malaysia digital copy today!
Sign In To Download
Editor's Recommendations
Most Read Articles
Initial BMI predicts overweight/obesity in children
Stephen Padilla, 02 Oct 2019
Baseline body mass index (BMI) and, to a lesser extent, school socioeconomic status are associated with subsequent weight status in schoolchildren, according to a study. Lifestyle behaviours show a lower effect as compared with prior BMI, but children with a healthier lifestyle have a reduced risk of overweight and obesity at follow-up.
Iron-fortified formula milk may impair cognition during adolescence
04 Sep 2019
The use of iron-fortified formula milk in infants between 6–12 months of age may lead to poorer cognitive outcomes, a recent study has shown.
Vaping tied to sexual, substance-related risk behaviours in teens
Audrey Abella, 07 May 2019
Use of electronic vapour products (EVP), or vaping, has been associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual and substance-use risk behaviours among US teenagers, according to data from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey presented at the Paediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2019 Meeting.
Shortened parenteral antibiotic therapy no less effective than long course for bacteraemic UTI
Jairia Dela Cruz, 04 Sep 2019
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration for bacteraemic urinary tract infection (UTI) in young infants may be safely shortened, according to a recent study showing that recurrence and readmission or emergency department revisitation rates are comparable between a ≤7-day and a longer therapy course.