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DIABETES MELLITUS (PEDIATRIC)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
It can occur at any age and the earlier the onset, the more serious is the long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia with diabetes mellitus patients having <10 year in life span compared to non-DM patients.
Type 1 DM patients have complete insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction. It may be immune-mediated or idiopathic. More commonly occurs in children 7-15 year of age, but may occur at any age.
Type 2 DM patients have insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Neonatal DM is hyperglycemia that occurs in the first 6 months of life.

Diabetes%20mellitus%20(pediatric) Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

Can occur at any age & the earlier the onset, the more serious the long-term damage, dysfunction, & failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia w/ diabetes mellitus (DM) patients having <10 years in life span compared to non-DM patients

Definition

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Signs and Symptoms

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketonemia & ketonuria w/ the following for several week:
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss
May also present as severe dehydration, shock & diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Overweight or obese
Glycosuria w/o ketonuria
- Some may present w/ ketonuria
Absent or mild polyuria
May present w/ ketoacidosis associated w/ stress, infection or other illness
Acanthosis nigricans
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

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Spotlight on multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections: New developments for an old problem

Dr. Hsu Li Yang, Dr. Tan Thuan Tong, Dr. Andrea Kwa, 08 Jan 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has become increasingly dire as the rapid emergence of drug resistance, especially gram-negative pathogens, has outpaced the development of new antibiotics. At a recent virtual symposium, Dr Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean (Global Health) and Programme Leader (Infectious Diseases), NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, presented epidemiological data on multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Asia, while Dr Tan Thuan Tong, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital (SGH), focused on the role of ceftazidime-avibactam in MDR GNB infections. Dr Andrea Kwa, Assistant Director of Research, Department of Pharmacy, SGH, joined the panel in an interactive fireside chat, to discuss challenges, practical considerations, and solutions in MDR gram-negative infections. This Pfizer-sponsored symposium was chaired by Dr Ng Shin Yi, Head and Senior Consultant of Surgical Intensive Care, SGH.