diabetes%20mellitus%20(pediatric)
DIABETES MELLITUS (PEDIATRIC)
Treatment Guideline Chart
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
It can occur at any age and the earlier the onset, the more serious is the long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia with DM patients having <10 years in life span compared to non-DM patients.
Type 1 DM patients have complete insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction. It may be immune-mediated or idiopathic. It more commonly occurs in children 7-15 years of age but may occur at any age.
Type 2 DM patients have insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Neonatal DM is hyperglycemia that occurs in the first 6 months of life.

Diabetes%20mellitus%20(pediatric) Signs and Symptoms

Definition

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
  • Can occur at any age and the earlier the onset, the more serious the long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs due to the chronic hyperglycemia with DM patients having <10 years in life span compared to non-DM patients

Signs and Symptoms

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 

  • Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketonemia and ketonuria with the following for several weeks:
    • Polyuria
    • Polydipsia
    • Polyphagia
    • Weight loss
  • May also present as severe dehydration, shock and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 

  • Overweight or obese
  • Glycosuria without ketonuria
    • Some may present with ketonuria
  • Absent or mild polyuria
  • May present with ketoacidosis associated with stress, infection or other illness
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
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