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DEPRESSION

Depression is a mood disorder wherein the patient have a pervasive sad mood or loss of interest in most activities for at least 2 weeks.

It can cause significant distress & impairment. It is also a chronic, episodic and relapsing syndrome.

Treatment can either be by psychotherapy alone or pharmacotherapy alone or psychotherapy combined with pharmacological therapy.

Depression Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

Patients may not present with depressive mood; somatic complaints may predominate
Depression should be suspected in patients who present with physical symptoms (eg fatigue, gastrointestinal distress or back pain) which cannot be explained or in those who present with pain, anxiety or substance abuse
Presence of depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia), feeling of fatigue or lack of energy (anergia), significant loss of motivation (avolition) are essential in diagnosing depression
Diagnosis may be easier in patients who are more aware of their moods or functioning

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High dose comparable to lower doses of ACE inhibitors for heart failure

Jairia Dela Cruz, 16 Sep 2020

In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) receiving angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, high dosing confers benefits for the risk of death or hospitalization that are similar to that obtained with lower dosing, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis.