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CHLAMYDIA - UNCOMPLICATED ANOGENITAL INFECTION

Chlamydia is a gram negative obligate intracellular bacteria that causes sexually-transmitted infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the primary cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women which may lead to ectopic pregnancy, infertility, or chronic pelvic pain.
Most infected females are asymptomatic.
But some females may experience vaginal discharge, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding (postcoital or intermenstrual) or breakthrough bleeding, dyspareunia, conjunctivitis, proctitis and reactive arthritis.

Chlamydia - Uncomplicated Anogenital Infection References

  1. Alexander S, Barber P, Goh BT, et al. New point of care Chlamydia rapid test--bridging the gap between diagnosis and treatment: performance evaluation study. Nov 30, 2007. BMJ. 2007 Dec;335(7631):1190-1194. http://www.bmj.com. Accessed 08 Jun 2010. PMID: 18055487
  2. Buttress ND, Canong L, Celis RL, et al. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among low- and high-risk Filipino women and performance of Chlamydia rapid test in resource-limited settings. Oct 17, 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Dec;45(12):4011-4017. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 08 Jun 2010. PMID: 17942659
  3. MacDonald N, Wong T. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections, 2006. CMAJ. 2007 Jan;176(2):175-176. PMID: 17224598
  4. Herring A, Richens J. Lymphogranuloma venereum. Sex Transm Infect. 2006 Dec;82(Suppl 4):iv23-iv25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17151048. PMID: 17151048
  5. Carder C, Mercey D, Benn P. Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Infect. 2006 Dec;82(Suppl 4):iv10-iv12. doi: 10.1136/sti.2006.023069. PMID: 17151043
  6. Van Vranken M. Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Dec;76(12):1827-1832. PMID: 18217521
  7. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening of chlamydial infection: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Jun 18, 2007. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jul;147(2):128-134. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17576996. PMID: 17576996
  8. Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR. 2010 Dec;59(RR-12):1-110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Accessed 01 Jun 2012. PMID: 21160459
  9. Radcliffe K. European STD guidelines. Int J STD AIDS. 2001 Oct;12(Suppl 3):1-102. http://www.iusti.org. PMID: 11589789
  10. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Dermatology/12/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Dermatology-News.xml
  11. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/OBGYN/29/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/OBGYN.xml
  12. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Clinical Effectiveness Group. 2006 UK national guideline for the management of genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. http://www.bashh.org. Accessed 15 Mar 2010.
  13. Association for Genitourinary Medicine and the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases. Clinical effectiveness guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection. http://www.urotoday.com. Accessed 08 Jun 2010.
  14. Expert Working Group on Canadian Guidelines for Sexually Transmitted Disease. Canadian STD guidelines 1998. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca. 1998.
  15. Clinical Effectiveness Group of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (CEG/BASHH). 2006 national guideline for the management of lymphogranuloma venereum. http://www.bashh.org. Accessed 08 Jun 2010.
  16. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Clinical Effectiveness Group. 2007 UK national guideline on the management of non­gonococcal urethritis. www.bashh.org/guidelines. Accessed 15 Mar 2010.
  17. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a national clinical guideline. SIGN. http://www.sign.ac.uk. Mar 2009. Accessed 15 Mar 2010.
  18. Horner PJ, Daniels D, Fitzgerald M, et al. UK national guideline for the management of genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. http://www.bashh.org. 2006.
  19. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections. WHO. http://www.who.int. 2001.
  20. Ministry of Health Singapore. Management of genital ulcers and discharges. MOH (Singapore). http://www.moh.gov.sg. May 2009. Accessed 08 Jun 2010.
  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae-2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014 Mar;63(RR-02):1-19. http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed 29 Apr 2014. PMID: 24622331
  22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD surveillance case definitions. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov. 10 Dec 2013. Accessed 29 Apr 2014.
  23. White J, O'Farrell N, Daniels D. 2013 UK National Guideline for the management of lymphogranuloma venereum: Clinical Effectiveness Group of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (CEG/BASHH) Guideline development group. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Aug;24(8):593-601. doi: 10.1177/0956462413482811. Accessed 29 Apr 2014. PMID: 23970591
  24. Ministry of Health Malaysia. National antibiotic guideline 2014, 2nd edition. Pharmaceutical Services Divisions, Ministry of Health Malaysia. http://www.pharmacy.gov.my. Dec 2014. Accessed 16 Jul 2015.
  25. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis. WHO. http://www.who.int. 2016. Accessed 08 Sep 2016.
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