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BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is the presence of malignant breast nodule, mass or abscess.
Most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or mass in the breast. The lump or mass is usually painless, hard & irregular but it can also be tender, soft, rounded or painful.
Other signs & symptoms include breast pain or nipple pain, nipple discharge, nipple retraction and presence of breast skin changes (eg peau d' orange, nipple excoriation, scaling, inflammation, skin tethering, ulceration, abscess).

Breast Cancer References

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  4. Kataja V, Castiglione M; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Primary breast cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2009 May;20(Suppl 4):10-14. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp114. PMID: 19454421
  5. AJCC cancer staging manual. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al. 7th. http://www.springer.com/medicine/surgery/cancer+staging?SGWID=0-40654-0-0-0
  6. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/OBGYN/29/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/OBGYN.xml
  7. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Cancer-%26-Oncology/6/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Cancer-Oncology.xml
  8. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer: early detection. http://www.cancer.org. Aug 2012.
  9. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Academy of Medicine Malaysia. Clinical practice guidelines. Management of breast cancer, 2nd edition. http://www.acadmed.org.my. Nov 2010. Accessed 12 Sep 2012.
  10. National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Familial breast cancer. The classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care. http://www.nice.org.uk. Jul 2006. Accessed 11 Mar 2010.
  11. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guidance on cancer services: improving outcomes in breast cancer manual update. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk. Aug 2002. Accessed 11 Mar 2010.
  12. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE technology appraisal guidance 112. Hormonal therapies for the adjuvant treatment of early oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. NICE. http://guidance.nice.org.uk. Nov 2006.
  13. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer. Advanced breast cancer: diagnosis and treatment. http://www.nice.org.uk. Feb 2009. Accessed 11 Mar 2010.
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  15. Cardoso F, Harbeck N, Fallowfield L, Kyriakides S, Senkus E; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(Suppl 7):vii11-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds232. Accessed 26 Feb 2014. PMID: 22997442
  16. Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, et al; Panel members. Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2013. Ann Oncol. 2013 Sep;24(9):2206-2223. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt303. Accessed 26 Feb 2014. PMID: 23917950
  17. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer. Version 3.2014 . NCCN. http://www.nccn.org.
  18. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer risk reduction. Version 1.2014 . NCCN. http://www.nccn.org. Accessed 18 Sep 2014.
  19. Senkus E, Kyriakides S, Penault-Llorca F, et al. Primary breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24(Suppl 6):vi7-vi23. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt284. Accessed 25 Sep 2013. PMID: 23970019
  20. Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Hicks DG, et al. Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Nov;31(31):3997-4013. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.9984. Accessed 24 Oct 2013. PMID: 24101045
  21. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer screening and diagnosis guidelines. Version 1.2012. NCCN. 2012.
  22. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer version 3.2015. NCCN. http://www.nccn.org. 16 Jul 2015. Accessed 11 Aug 2015.
  23. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer risk reduction version 2.2015. NCCN. http://www.nccn.org. 30 Jun 2015. Accessed 12 Aug 2015.
  24. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer version 2.2016. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org. 06 May 2016. Accessed 28 Jul 2016.
  25. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer risk reduction version 1.2016. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org. 23 Feb 2016. Accessed 28 Jul 2016.
  26. Pritchard KI. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for non-metastatic, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 19 Jul 2016. Accessed 04 Aug 2016.
  27. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer screening and diagnosis version 1.2016 - July 27, 2016. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org. 27 Jul 2016.
  28. Cardoso F, Costa A, Senkus E, et al. 3rd ESO–ESMO international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer (ABC 3). Ann Oncol. 2017 Jan 1;28(1):16-33. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw544. PMID: 28177437
  29. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer risk reduction version 2.2018. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. 23 Apr 2018.
  30. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer version 1.2018. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. 20 May 2018.
  31. Smith BD, Bellon JR, Blitzblau R, et al. Radiation therapy for the whole breast: an American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Website. https://www.astro.org/. 2018.
  32. Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 Jun. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz173. PMID: 31161190
  33. Cardoso F, Senkus E, Costa A, et al. 4th ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 4)†. Ann Oncol. 2018 Aug;29(8):1634-1657. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy192. PMID: 30032243
  34. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: Breast and ovarian. Version 3.2019. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. Jan 2019. Accessed 06 Nov 2019.
  35. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Breast cancer. Version 3.2019. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. Sep 2019.
  36. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Breast cancer risk reduction. Version 1.2019. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. Dec 2018.
  37. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Version 1.2019. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. May 2019.
  38. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Breast cancer. Version 4.2020. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. May 2020.
  39. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Breast cancer. Version 3.2020. NCCN. https://www.nccn.org/. Mar 2020.
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