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BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histopathological diagnosis characterized by epithelial cell & smooth muscle cell proliferation in the transition zone of the prostate leading to a non-malignant enlargement of the gland, which may result in lower urinary tract symptoms, including voiding and storage symptoms.
It is commonly called enlarged prostate.
The exact cause of BPH is still not well understood.

Benign%20prostatic%20hyperplasia Signs and Symptoms

Introduction

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histopathological diagnosis characterized by epithelial cell and smooth muscle proliferation in the transition zone of the prostate leading to a non-malignant enlargement of the gland, which may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including voiding and storage symptoms
  • Common disease of aging men; can be asymptomatic 
  • Two phases where prostate doubles its size:
    • At puberty
    • 25 years old and beyond

Etiology

  • The exact cause of BPH is still not well understood
    • May be due to male androgenic steroid hormones or age-related increases in sympathetic tone

Signs and Symptoms

  • Dribbling at the end of urination
  • Nocturia
  • Pain after ejaculation or urination
  • Weak or interrupted urine stream
  • Straining or trouble starting a urine stream
  • Urinary frequency
  • Urinary urgency
  • Urinary retention
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Urine with unusual smell or color

Risk Factors

  • Age ≥40 years old
  • Family history of BPH
  • Medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
  • Lack of physical exercise
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