Introduction
- Histopathological diagnosis characterized by epithelial cell and smooth muscle proliferation in the transition zone of the prostate leading to a non-malignant enlargement of the gland, which may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including voiding and storage symptoms
- Common disease of aging men
- Two phases where prostate doubles its size:
- At puberty
- 25 years old and beyond
Etiology
- The exact cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still not well understood
Signs and Symptoms
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Nocturia
- Pain after ejaculation or urination
- Weak or interrupted urine stream
- Trouble starting a urine stream
- Urinary frequency
- Urinary urgency
- Urinary retention
- Urinary incontinence
- Urine with unusual smell or color
Risk Factors
- Age 40 years old and older
- Family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
- Lack of physical exercise