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ATOPIC DERMATITIS (PEDIATRIC)
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Atopic dermatitis is a familial, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching, dry skin, with inflammation and exudation that commonly presents during early infancy and childhood, but can persist or start in adulthood.
It is also referred to as atopic eczema.
It is one of the most common skin diseases afflicting both adults and children.

Atopic Dermatitis (Pediatric) References

  1. Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bieber T, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jul;118(1):152-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.045. PMID: 16815151
  2. Buys LM. Treatment options for atopic dermatitis. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Feb;75(4):523-528. http://www.aafp.org/. PMID: 17323714
  3. Ellis C, Luger T, Abeck D, et al. International consensus conference on atopic dermatitis II (ICCAD II): clinical update and current treatment strategies. Br J Dermatol. 2003 May;148(Suppl Suppl 63):3-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.148.s63.1.x. PMID: 12694268
  4. Francisco RR. Atopic dermatitis in children. Skin forum: the newsletter in dermatology. 2007(19):5-8
  5. Hanifin JM, Cooper KD, Ho VC, et al. Guidelines of care for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Mar;50(3):391-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.08.003. PMID: 14988682
  6. Leung DY, Niklas RA, Li JT, et al. Disease management of atopic dermatitis: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Sep;93(3)(Suppl 2):S1-S21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15478395. PMID: 15478395
  7. Ring J, Alomar A, Bieber T, et al; European Dermatology Forum (EDF); European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV); European Federation of Allergy (EFA); European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD); European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD); Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Aug;26(8):1045-1060. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04635.x. Accessed 16 Jul 2013. PMID: 22805051
  8. Ring J, Alomar A, Bieber T, et al; European Dermatology Forum; European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology; European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis; European Federation of Allergy; European Society of Pediatric Dermatology; Global Allergy and Asthma European Network. Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) Part II. Jul 19, 2012. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Sep;26(9):1176-1193. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04636.x. Accessed 16 Jul 2013. PMID: 22813359
  9. Rubel D, Thirumoorthy T, Soebaryo RW, et al; Asia-Pacific Consensus Group for Atopic Dermatitis. Consensus guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis: an Asia- Pacific perspective. J Dermatol. 2013;40(3):160-171. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12065. PMID: 23289827
  10. Thiele JJ, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S. Vitamin E in human skin: organ-specific physiology and considerations for its use in dermatology. Mol Aspects Med. 2007 Oct;28(5-6):646-667. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.06.001. PMID: 17719081
  11. Habif TP. Clinical dermatology: A color guide to diagnosis and therapy. 4th ed. Pennsylvania: Mosby, Elsevier; 2004
  12. Chamlin SL. Atopic dermatitis. In: Rakel RE, Bope ET. Conn's Current Therapy. 60th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier; 2008
  13. Ferri FF. Atopic dermatitis. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Elsevier; 2008.
  14. Shaw JC. Dermatitis and eczema. In: Noble J, Greene HL, Levinson W, et al. Textbook of primary care medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, Inc; 2001
  15. Leung DYM. Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic eczema). In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2020.
  16. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Allergy-%26-Immunology/3/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Allergy-Immunology.xml
  17. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Dermatology/12/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Dermatology-News.xml
  18. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics.xml
  19. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in children: management of atopic eczema in children from birth up to the age of 12 years. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk/. Dec 2007. Accessed 16 Jul 2013.
  20. Krafchik BR. Atopic dermatitis. eMedicine. http://www.emedicine.com/. Accessed 07 Apr 2006.
  21. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of atopic eczema in primary care. A national clinical guideline. SIGN. http://www.guideline.gov. Mar 2011.
  22. Hanifin JM. Atopic dermatitis in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North AM. 1991 Aug;38(4):763-789. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1870905. PMID: 1870905
  23. Kircik LH. Efficacy and tolerability of retapamulin 1% ointment for the treatment of infected atopic dermatitis: a pilot study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jul;11(7):858-860. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777229. PMID: 22777229
  24. Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Feb;70(2):338-351. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010. Accessed 31 Aug 2016. PMID: 24290431
  25. Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Jul;71(1):116-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023. Accessed 31 Aug 2016. PMID: 24813302
  26. Sidbury R, Davis DM, Cohen DE, Cordoro KM, Berger TG, Bergman JN, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 3. Management and treatment with phototherapy and systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Aug;71(2):327-349. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.030. Accessed 19 Oct 2016. PMID: 24813298
  27. Sidbury R, Tom WL, Bergman JN, Cooper KD, Silverman RA, Berger TG, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Dec;71(6):1218-1233. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.038. Accessed 31 Aug 2016. PMID: 25264237
  28. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018 May;32(5):657-682. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14891. PMID: 29676534
  29. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part II. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018 Jun;32(6):850-878. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14888. PMID: 29878606
  30. Spergel JM. Management of severe atopic dermatitis (eczema) in children. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/. Jun 2020.
  31. Weston WL, Howe W. Treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/. May 2020.
  32. Chiricozzi A, Fortina AB, Galli E, et al. Current therapeutic paradigm in pediatric atopic dermatitis: practical guidance from a national expert panel. Allergol Immunopathol. 2019 Apr;47(2):194-206. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.06.008. PMID: 30268381
  33. Howe W. Treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 10 Nov 2021.
  34. Lansang P, Lam JM, Marcoux D, et al. Approach to the assessment and management of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a consensus document. Section III: treatment options for pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2019 Dec;23(Suppl 5):19S-11S. doi: 10.1177/1203475419882647. PMID: 31692376
  35. Lansang P, Lara-Corrales I, Bergman JN, et al. Approach to the assessment and management of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a consensus document. Section IV: consensus statements on the assessment and management of pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2019 Dec;23(Suppl 5):32S-39S. doi: 10.1177/1203475419882654. PMID: 31692378
  36. Lara-Corrales I, Bergman JN, Landells I, et al. Approach to the assessment and management of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a consensus document. Section I: overview of pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2019 Dec;23(Suppl 5):3S-11S. doi: 10.1177/1203475419882049. PMID: 31692379
  37. Leung TNH, Cheng JWCH, Chan SCW, et al. Management of atopic dermatitis in children: 2020 review by the Guidelines Development Panel of Hong Kong College of Paediatricians. HK J Paediatr. 2021;26:42-57.
  38. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/. Mar 2021.
  39. Spergel JM, Lio PA. Management of severe atopic dermatitis (eczema) in children. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 09 Aug 2021.
  40. Wollenberg A, Christen-Zäch S, Taieb A, et al. ETFAD/EADV eczema task force 2020 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults and children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Dec;34(12):2717-2744. doi: 10.1111/jdv.16892. PMID: 33205485
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