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ASTHMA (PEDIATRIC)
Treatment Guideline Chart

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in the lungs of children and adults.
The patient usually complains of shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing with wheezing.

A diagnosis of asthma in young children is more likely if they have symptom patterns, presence of risk factors for development of asthma and therapeutic response to controller treatment.
Goals of treatment are effective symptom control with minimal or no exacerbations, minimal or no nocturnal and daytime symptoms, no limitations on activities, minimal or no need for reliever treatment, and minimal adverse effects of medication.

Asthma (Pediatric) References

  1. Bacharier LB, Boner A, Carlsen KH, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood: a PRACTALL consensus report. Allergy. 2008 Jan;63(1):005-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01586.x. Accessed 30 Jul 2010. PMID: 18053013
  2. Moss MH, Gern JE, Lemanske Jr RF. Asthma in infancy and childhood. In: Adkinson NF, Bochner BS, Busse WW, et al. Middleton's allergy principles & practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Inc; 2003
  3. Liu Ah, Covar RA, Spahn JD, et al. Childhood asthma. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007
  4. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Allergy-%26-Immunology/3/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Allergy-Immunology.xml
  5. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics.xml
  6. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Respiratory-Medicine/40/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Respiratory-Medicine.xml
  7. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. SIGN. http://www.sign.ac.uk/. Jun 2009. Accessed 29 Jul 2010.
  8. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP). Expert panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Aug 2007. Accessed 29 Jul 2010.
  9. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2009. GINA website. http://www.ginasthma.com. 2009. Accessed 29 Jul 2010.
  10. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org. Dec 2012. Accessed 19 Feb 2013.
  11. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2010.
  12. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for the diagnosis & management of asthma in children 5 years and younger. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2009. Accessed 10 Aug 2010.
  13. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Diagnosis and management of asthma. http://www.icsi.org. Jul 2012.
  14. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2014.
  15. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2015. GINA website. http://www. ginasthma.org/. 2015. Accessed 29 Apr 2015.
  16. Canadian Medical Association. Diagnosis of asthma. Can Med Assoc J. 2005 Sep;173(Suppl 6):S15-S19. http://www.cmaj.ca/.
  17. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2016. GINA website. http://ginasthma.org/. 2016. Accessed 20 Jul 2016.
  18. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2017. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). http://ginasthma.org/. 2017. Accessed 24 Feb 2017.
  19. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: Updated 2018. GINA website. http://ginasthma.org/. 2018.
  20. Liu AH, Covar RA, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Childhood asthma. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2016.
  21. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Difficult-to-treat and severe asthma in adolescent and adult patients: Diagnosis and management. A GINA pocket guide for health professionals. GINA website. http://ginasthma.org/. Nov 2018.
  22. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Pocket guide for asthma management and prevention for adults and children older than 5 years. A pocket guide for healthcare professionals: Updated 2019. GINA. https://ginasthma.org/. 2019.
  23. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). What’s new in GINA 2019? GINA global strategy for asthma management and prevention. GINA. https://ginasthma.org/. 2019.
  24. Wenzel S. Severe asthma phenotypes. UptoDate. http://uptodate.com/. May 2019.
  25. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. SIGN 158: British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guideline. Revised edition published July 2019. British Thoracic Society. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/. Jul 2019.
  26. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2019. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2019.
  27. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2020. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2020. Accessed 5 May 2020.
  28. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2021. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2021.
  29. De Keyser HH, Chipps B, Dinakar C, et al; AAP Section on Allergy and Immunology, Section on Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine. Biologics for asthma and allergic skin diseases in children. Pediatrics. 2021 Oct;148(5):e2021054270. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-054270. PMID: 34663682
  30. Gaillard EA, Kuehni CE, Turner S, et al. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children 5-16 years. Eur Respir J. 2021 Apr;2004173. doi: 10.1183/13993003.04173-2020. PMID: 33863747
  31. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/. 22 Mar 2021.
  32. Sawicki G, Haver K. Asthma in children younger than 12 years: management of persistent asthma with controller therapies. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 28 Jun 2021.
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