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ankylosing%20spondylitis
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Treatment Guideline Chart
Spondyloarthritis refers to a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterized by spinal & joint oligoarthritis, enthesitis, and sometimes mucocutaneous, ocular and/or cardiac manifestations.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a prototype of spondyloarthritis, particularly of the axial form.
Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is definite if any of the radiological criterion is associated with at least one clinical criterion.

Ankylosing Spondylitis References

  1. Braun J, van der Berg R, Baraliakos X, et al. 2010 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):896-904. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.151027. PMID: 21540199
  2. Braun J, Sieper J. Early diagnosis of spondyloarthritis. Nature Clin Prac Rheum. 2006 Oct;2(10):536-545. doi:10.1038/ncprheum0296. PMID: 17016479
  3. Akgul O, Ozgocmen S. Classification criteria for spondyloarthropathies. World J Orthop. 2011 Dec;2(12):107-115. http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/pdf/v2/i12/107.pdf. Accessed 20 Sep 2013. PMID: 22474629
  4. Kain T, Zochling J, Taylor A, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis: results from the Australian 3E initiative in rheumatology. Med J Aust. 2008 Feb;188(4):235-237. https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/188_04_180208/kai10788_fm.pdf. PMID: 18279132
  5. Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, et al. The assessment of spondyloarthritis international society (ASAS) handbook: a guide to assess spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(Suppl 2):ii1-ii44. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.104018. PMID: 19433414
  6. Harper BE, Reveille JD. Spondyloarthritis: clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and sports. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 Feb;8(1):29-34. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181967ac6. PMID: 19142077
  7. Mansour M, Cheema GS, Naguwa SM, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis: a contemporary perspective on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Feb;36(4):210-223. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ankylosing+spondylitis%3A+a+contemporary+perspective+on+diagnoss+and+treatment. PMID: 17011612
  8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). NICE recommends golimumab for ankylosing spondylitis. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/pressreleases/GolimumabForAnkylosingSpondylitisFinalGuidance.jsp. Aug 2011.
  9. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). NICE guidance on biologic drugs for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/news/NICERecommendsDrugForTheTreatmentOfAnkylosingSpondylitis.jsp. Aug 2011.
  10. Keith MP. Overview of drug therapy for spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Curr Res. 2013;3:119. http://omicsonline.org/overview-of-drug-therapy-for-spondyloarthritis-2161-1149.1000119.pdf.
  11. Smolen JS, Braun J, Dougados M, et al. Treating spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):6-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888616/pdf/annrheumdis-2013-203419.pdf. Accessed 27 May 2016. PMID: 23749611
  12. Braun J, Davis J, Dougados M, et al. First update of the international ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Mar;65(3):316-320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1798064/pdf/316.pdf. PMID: 16096329
  13. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Review of TA143; Adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab for ankylosing spondylitis. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta143/resources/guidance-adalimumab-etanercept-and-infliximab-for-ankylosing-spondylitis-pdf. May 2008.
  14. Mandl P, Navarro-Compán V, Terslev L, et al; European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jul;74(7):1327-1339. http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2015/04/02/annrheumdis-2014-206971.full.pdf+html. Accessed 27 May 2016. PMID: 25837448
  15. Ward MM, Deodhar A, Akl EA, et al. American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network 2015 recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;68(2):282-298. doi: 10.1002/art.39298. Accessed 27 May 2016. PMID: 26401991
  16. Wendling D, Lukas C, Paccou J, et al; French Society for Rheumatology (SFR). Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) on the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014 Jan;81(1):6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.12.002. Accessed 27 May 2016. PMID: 24412120
  17. Van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewe R, et al. 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):978-991. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210770. Accessed 14 Jun 2021. PMID: 28087505
  18. Yu DT. Assessment and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. May 2018. Accessed 22 Nov 2018.
  19. Yu DT, van Tubergen A. Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 09 Jan 2020. Accessed 22 Nov 2018.
  20. ClinicalKey. Clinical overview: ankylosing spondylitis. ClinicalKey. http://www.clinicalkey.com. 30 October 2020.
  21. Inman RD. The spondyloarthropathies. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 11 Jun 2021:1718-1725e3.
  22. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Spondyloarthritis. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk/. 28 Jun 2018. Accessed 14 Jun 2021.
  23. Tam LS, Wei JC, Aggarwal A, et al. 2018 APLAR axial spondyloarthritis treatment recommendations. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019 Mar;22(3):340-356. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13510. PMID: 30816645
  24. Ward MM, Deodhar A, Gensler LS, et al. 2019 update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(10):1285-1299. doi: 10.1002/acr.24025. Accessed 14 Jun 2021. PMID: 31436026
  25. Klavdianou K, Tsiami S, Baraliakos X. New developments in ankylosing spondylitis-status in 2021. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Dec 24;60(Suppl 6):vi29-vi37. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab523. PMID: 34951921
  26. Van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, Sieper J, et al. POS0306 Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis refractory to biologic therapy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2022;81:402-403. https://ard.bmj.com.
  27. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Abrilada highlights of prescribing information. US FDA. https://www.fda.gov/. Nov 2019.
  28. Forster D, Warburton L, O'Flynn N. Diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in the over-16s: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract. 2018 Jul;68(672):346-347. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X697865. PMID: 29954812
  29. Mease P, Deodhar A. Differentiating nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis from its mimics: A narrative review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Mar;23(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05073-7. PMID: 35279103
  30. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Ankylosing Spondylitis. NIH. https://www.niams.nih.gov/. May 2023.
  31. Navarro-Compán V, Boel A, Boonen A. The ASAS core measurement set for axial spondyloarthritis. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. 2022;81:96-96. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1798.
  32. Poddubnyy D. Classification vs diagnostic criteria: The challenge of diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology. 2020 Oct;59(4):iv6-iv17. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa250.
  33. Ramiro S, Nikiphorou E, Sepriano A, et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):19-34. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223296.
  34. Tubergen A. Treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Jul 2023.
  35. Watson S. JAK inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/.
  36. Yu D, Tubergen A. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Jul 2023.
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